1 | <?php |
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2 | $seiten_id = 'rundfunk'; |
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3 | $version = '$Id: broadcasting.php 258 2012-05-28 16:06:24Z sven $'; |
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4 | $title = 'Broadcasting'; |
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5 | |
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6 | require "../../lib/technikum29.php"; |
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7 | ?> |
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8 | <h2>Broadcasting</h2> |
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9 | |
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10 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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11 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/neuer-ausschnitt-rundfunkecke.jpg" alt="Photography from the museum: A partial view of the broadcasting corner" width="594" height="418" /> |
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12 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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13 | Some of the broadcast devices in the exhibition – from left to right: |
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14 | the twenties, early thirties, mid-thirties, late thirties, |
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15 | early fifties. |
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16 | </p> |
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17 | </div> |
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18 | |
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19 | <p>Broadcasting was launched in Germany in 1923, being the third country in |
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20 | the world (right after the USA (1921) and Great Britain (1922)). From the |
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21 | technical point, it even would have been possible to launch large-scale |
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22 | broadcasting in 1920.</p> |
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23 | |
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24 | <!-- Absatz mit dem amtlich anerkannten Firmen (RTV-Stempel) |
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25 | => Weglassen laut Heriberts Direktive (Januar 2010) --> |
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26 | |
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27 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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28 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/seibt-edr16.jpg" width="600" height="383" alt="Seibt detector EDR 16" /> |
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29 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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30 | <b>Seibt EDR 16</b> |
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31 | </p> |
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32 | </div> |
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33 | |
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34 | <p>Detectors are passive tuners which are powered straight from the electromagnetic |
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35 | wave which is recieved via a very big antenna. Therefore there was only a |
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36 | headphones plug and no loudspeakers at all. To adjust the device, the user had |
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37 | to poke with a small needle on a crystal, having only a small chance to recieve |
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38 | a powerful broadcast station. The crystal was a small 5 mm galena or pyrite |
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39 | unit with physical characteristics of a diode at some special configurations. |
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40 | If the user found such a configuration, the crystal served as rectifier. |
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41 | In the early 1920s, this setup was a cheap alternative to the expansive radio sets. |
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42 | At the right hand in the picture you can see a typical manual to instruct |
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43 | the user into early radio technology.</p> |
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44 | |
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45 | <p>It is astonishing to see the incredible speed of the development of broadcasting |
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46 | systems. Beginning with very simple devices like the one above, using crystals |
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47 | for demulation, the technology became mature very quickly. This process took |
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48 | no more than 15 years from the first steps to near perfection. |
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49 | This development is reflected in the apperance of the devices as well. While |
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50 | the first recievers were of a very technical design, later devices turned into |
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51 | wonderful pieces of furniture, fitting neatly into the average upper class |
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52 | household. We have illustrated this page with examples from both types of |
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53 | devices.</p> |
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54 | |
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55 | <!-- old version --> |
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56 | <!-- |
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57 | <p>It is astonishing to see the incredible pace at which the development of |
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58 | broadcasting systems took place. Beginning with very simple devices using |
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59 | crystals for demodulation the technology matured very fast and resulted |
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60 | in the design and development of high performance transmitters and receivers |
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61 | employing super heterodyning and the like. |
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62 | This paved the way from simple crystal receivers which required special |
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63 | skills to operate to everyday radios which were easy to operate and soon |
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64 | could be found in nearly every household. A process which took a mere 15 |
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65 | years from its first steps to near perfection. |
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66 | This development is reflected in the appearance of the devices as well. While |
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67 | the first receivers were of a very technical design, later devices turned into |
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68 | wonderful pieces of furniture, fitting neatly into the average household and |
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69 | denying the fact that the receiver itself was a rather complicated piece of |
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70 | equipment. This page shows some selected examples from the collection of the |
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71 | museum which contains about 150 different receivers. |
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72 | </p> |
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73 | --> |
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74 | |
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75 | <!-- Very old version --> |
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76 | <!-- |
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77 | <p>The short time between the moderate launch of broadcasting in the early 1920s |
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78 | and its perfection is amazing. The era of broadcasting began in Germany in 1923, |
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79 | at first with very limited reception quality. 15 years later the quality of |
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80 | reception was almost perfect. At the beginning the apparatures had a very |
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81 | technical design (exactly like today), but since the 30s the radio apparatures |
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82 | changed to partially attractive pieces of furniture. Chosen examples from the |
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83 | museum-holding (150 pieces) for both kinds are shown on this page.</p> |
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84 | --> |
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85 | |
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86 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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87 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/saba1927.jpg" width="600" height="451" alt="Photography of the Saba 1927" /> |
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88 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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89 | This is a reciever made by <b>SABA</b> (year of manufacture 1927) with |
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90 | open cover. You can see three inductors and rotary capacitors. Therefore |
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91 | this kind of device is called "three-step-oscillator". The device is |
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92 | decorated with marquetries (not visible in the picture detail) and even |
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93 | the interior is made of veneerd exotic woods. |
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94 | </p> |
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95 | </div> |
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96 | |
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97 | <p>In the 1920s, the electric power supply has not been installed all over the |
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98 | country yet, therefore the first broadcasting recievers were made for |
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99 | battery operation. Therefore listening loudly and frequently to the radio |
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100 | was an expensive buiseness, since batteries discharged quickly. |
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101 | <br/>The following devices were ready for the mains supply.</p> |
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102 | |
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103 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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104 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/huth.jpg" width="600" height="385" alt="HUTH-Empfänger (HUTH-Receiver)" /> |
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105 | <p class="bildtext">Receiver made by <b>Signalbau Huth</b> (model E72): |
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106 | This is an example of a cheap receiver made in 1928. The sound quality |
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107 | is rather bad, especially with that horn loudspeaker, made out of metal. |
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108 | Listening to the radio was sensational, but not luxurious. |
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109 | </p> |
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110 | </div> |
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111 | |
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112 | <!-- |
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113 | <div class="box left"> |
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114 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telefunken_w90.jpg" width="307" height="371" alt="Telefunken W9" class="nomargin-bottom" /> |
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115 | <p class="bildtext">Wealthy people could afford a <b>Telefunken W9</b> |
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116 | (shown in the picture on the left) which was available during the |
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117 | same time frame. Equipped with an Acrophon loudspeaker it featured |
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118 | a rich sound although with very limited bass. In addition to this |
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119 | the receiver was quite sensible and could even receive stations |
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120 | far away while the cheap model above was limited to the reception |
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121 | of local broadcast stations.</p> |
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122 | <div class="clear"> </div> |
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123 | </div> |
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124 | --> |
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125 | |
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126 | |
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127 | <p>There have always been companies which built very stylish devices. You could |
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128 | already take a look at the Saba device. The Telefunken <b>T 40W</b> is another |
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129 | representative of such a device with a very nice interior. In the following, |
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130 | you can gain an extraordinary insight into this device. |
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131 | |
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132 | <div class="box left clear-after"> |
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133 | <a href="/en/devices/telefunken_t40w.shtm"><img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telefunken_t40w/klein.jpg" alt="Photography of the Telefunken T40W" class="nomargin-bottom"></a> |
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134 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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135 | Clicking on the picture yields the innards of the |
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136 | <a href="/en/devices/telefunken_t40w.shtm" class="go">Telefunken T 40W</a>. |
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137 | </p> |
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138 | </div> |
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139 | |
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140 | <p>The following pictures show some recievers of outstanding design |
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141 | and outstanding technical features. The picture gallery could be |
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142 | continued with open end. |
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143 | <br/>Many other curiosities can be found in our museum, and there's |
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144 | no epoch without an outstanding audio experience: Detector devices, |
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145 | battery driven recievers (1920s), "Luxus-Super" (1930s), early |
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146 | radiogramophones (1932) and the first postwar recievers with |
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147 | motor-channel search and cable-remote control: SABA Freiburg 3D |
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148 | (1954). This milestone features five built-in speakers, having |
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149 | such an impressing sound that even today's people with all their |
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150 | consumer electronics are faszinated of this 50 years old device. |
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151 | Overall, you can get an impression how broadcasting was experienced |
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152 | two or three generations ago. |
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153 | </p> |
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154 | |
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155 | <!-- Alter Text --> |
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156 | <!-- |
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157 | <p>The following pictures show some receivers of outstanding design |
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158 | and outstanding technical properties. Apart from these the |
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159 | museum's collection contains a lot of different receivers |
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160 | covering all stages of the development of public radio |
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161 | broadcasting. |
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162 | These receivers include crystal radios, battery powered receivers |
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163 | from the 1920s, a 'Luxus Super' (1930s) as well as the first postwar |
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164 | receiver equipped with motorized search functionality and remote |
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165 | control by cable, the SABA Freiburg 3D. The sound of this receiver |
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166 | is so rich and impressive that even young people are faszinated and |
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167 | admire this 50 year old technical miracle.</p> |
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168 | --> |
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169 | |
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170 | <!-- ganz alter Text --> |
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171 | <!-- |
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172 | <p>The next two pictures show two apparatures that point out themselves optically |
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173 | and also technically, but the picture gallery could be continued without stopping. |
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174 | <br />Many other curiosities can be admired in the museum, an audio experience |
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175 | is possible in every epoch: detectors, batterie-receivers (1920s), "Luxus-Super" |
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176 | (1930s) and at the end the first postwar receivers with motor-channel search and |
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177 | cable-remote control: SABA Freiburg 3D. The sound of this milestone with 5 built-in |
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178 | loudspeakers is so impressing that even CD-spoiled kids would stand wondering in |
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179 | front of this nearly 50-years old apparature. |
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180 | <br />All in all you see how broadcasting was two or three generations ago and how |
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181 | fast the aparatures developed.</p> |
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182 | --> |
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183 | |
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184 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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185 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telefunken650,500.jpg" width="700" height="419" alt="Telefunken 650 and Telefunken 500" /> |
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186 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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187 | <b>Telefunken T650 and T500</b> |
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188 | </p> |
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189 | </div> |
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190 | |
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191 | <p>Loudspeakers were integrated into broadcasting devices since about 1932. |
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192 | Furthermore the devices were (of course) still adapted to contemporary |
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193 | style. These Telefunken export devices (T650 and T500) especially stick |
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194 | out. Being built as "super" models (improving recieve quality by generating |
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195 | an intermediate frequency) the technical working was very good. |
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196 | </p> |
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197 | |
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198 | <div class="box left clear-after"> |
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199 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telefunken,musikschrank.jpg" width="350" height="610" alt="Telefunken radiogramophone" /> |
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200 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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201 | Having intelligent all-in-one furniture suitable for all kinds of music is an old dream |
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202 | which appeared some years after the introducion of mass broadcasting. The radiogramophone |
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203 | on the left is the <b>Telefunken 650 GK</b> from 1931/32. The record player was quite |
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204 | modern, featuring a magnetic system and electric motor. On the other hand it still used |
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205 | gramophone needles and the needlessly weighty pick-up stressed the records. |
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206 | Nevertheless the sound quality of the radiogramophone was much better, compared to an |
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207 | ordinary gramophone player. The chassis is made out of noble walnut trees, therefore |
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208 | this piece of furniture was very expensive. |
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209 | </p> |
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210 | </div> |
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211 | |
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212 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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213 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/ultramar3.jpg" width="600" height="533" alt="Körting Ultramar" /> |
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214 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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215 | <b>Körting Ultramar</b>: One of the most |
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216 | nobel, most complex and most expensive recievers made in 1935. |
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217 | Its circuitry contains 11 vacuum tubes driving two loudspeakers |
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218 | which results in an astonishable quality of sound. See also |
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219 | some pictures showing the <a class="go" name="backlink-ultramar" |
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220 | href="/en/devices/ultramar_back.shtm">Innards of the Ultramar</a>. |
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221 | </p> |
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222 | </div> |
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223 | |
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224 | <div class="box left clear-after"> |
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225 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/metz,koffer.jpg" width="400" height="333" alt="Metz portable reciever" /> |
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226 | <p class="bildtext">The portable reveceiver from Metz, built in |
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227 | 1956 and shown on the left, is another outstanding piece of equipment. |
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228 | It is a so called "Kofferradio" (<i>suitcase radio</i>) since it is portable |
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229 | and optionally battery driven, and of course since it is as compact as |
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230 | carry-on-baggage. It even features an integrated recordplayer - forseeing the |
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231 | development of modern multipurpose receiver/CD-player combinations. |
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232 | Of course it still used tubes. Youth would have been able to listen to |
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233 | Elvis Presley at the swiming pool if the device were not as expensive.</p> |
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234 | </div> |
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