1 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" |
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2 | "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> |
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3 | <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> |
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4 | <head><!--#set var="title" value="Fax engineering" |
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5 | --><!--#set var="location" value="faxtechnik" |
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6 | --><!--#set var="part" value="communication" |
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7 | --><!--#set var="url_de" value="kommunikationstechnik/faxtechnik.shtm" |
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8 | --><!--#set var="prev" value="television.shtm" |
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9 | --><!--#set var="prev_title" value="Television" |
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10 | --><!--#set var="next" value="measurement.shtm" |
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11 | --><!--#set var="next_title" value="Measurement technology" |
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12 | --><title>technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" --></title> |
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13 | |
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14 | <!--#include virtual="/en/inc/head.inc.shtm" --> |
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15 | <meta name="keywords" lang="de" content="Faxtechnik, Schreibtechnik, Fernschreiber, Siemens KF108, Hellfax BS 110, Fax¨bertragung, Bildfunkempfänger, Blattschreiber" /> |
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16 | <meta name="keywords" lang="en" content="technikum, fax engineering, writing engineering, telegraphy, hellfax, hellschreiber, olympia, flexowriter" /> |
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17 | <meta name="DC.Title" content="technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" -->" /> |
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18 | <meta name="DC.Subject" content="<!--#echo var="title" -->" /> |
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19 | <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id" /> |
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20 | <meta name="t29.germanoriginal" content="22.07.2008/v5.7.23" /> |
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21 | <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="27.07.2008/v5.7.23" /> |
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22 | <meta name="t29.comment" content="new: Hellschreiber GL, Olympia flexowriter, and some text about teletypes" /> |
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23 | <!--changelog: 26.04.2006/v5.5.1 auf Basis de:13.04.2006/v5.5.1 --> |
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24 | <!--changelog: 24.08.2007/v5.7.5 --> |
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25 | <!--changelog: 15.09.2007/v5.7.8 based on 16.07.2007/v5.7.1: ein wort (astonished) --> |
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26 | <!--changelog: 27.11.2007/v5.7.12 based on 04.11.2007/v5.7.11: Telegrafentext geaendert --> |
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27 | <!--changelog: 21.03.2008/v5.7.20 based on 03.2008/v5.7.19: Neuer Beginn (ausschnitt), KF106, KF108, Hellfax, Telegraf neu/geaendert --> |
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28 | <script type="text/javascript"> |
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29 | <!-- |
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30 | // small "quick & dirty" script to "open the box". See the same at /de/kommunikationstechnik/faxtechnik |
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31 | /*function initTelegrafenstation() { |
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32 | document.getElementById("telegraf-offen").style.display = "none"; |
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33 | document.getElementById("telegraf-zu").getElementsByTagName("img")[0].style.cursor = "pointer"; |
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34 | } |
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35 | function switchTelegrafenstation() { |
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36 | document.getElementById("telegraf-zu").style.display = "none"; |
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37 | document.getElementById("telegraf-offen").style.display = "block"; |
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38 | }*/ |
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39 | // umgeschrieben fuers Hellfax |
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40 | function initGeraeteoeffner() { |
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41 | /*document.getElementById("telegraf-offen").style.display = "none"; |
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42 | document.getElementById("telegraf-zu").getElementsByTagName("img")[0].style.cursor = "pointer";*/ |
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43 | |
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44 | document.getElementById("hellfax-offen").style.display = "none"; |
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45 | document.getElementById("hellfax-zu").style.cursor = "pointer"; |
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46 | |
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47 | } |
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48 | |
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49 | function switchGeraet(name) { |
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50 | document.getElementById(name+"-zu").style.display = "none"; |
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51 | document.getElementById(name+"-offen").style.display = name=="telegraf"?"block":"inline"; |
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52 | } |
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53 | // --> |
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54 | </script> |
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55 | </head> |
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56 | <body onLoad="initGeraeteoeffner();"> |
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57 | <!--#echo encoding="none" var="heading" --> |
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58 | <div id="content"> |
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59 | <h2><!--#echo var="title" --></h2> |
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60 | |
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61 | <div class="box left"> |
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62 | <a href="/en/devices/morse_telegraph.shtm" name="backlink-morse-telegraph"><img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telegrafie-regal.jpg" alt="The telegraph's rack" width="240" height="464" /></a> |
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63 | <div class="bildtext"> |
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64 | An extract from the area fax and writing engineering. |
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65 | <p>Humans always wanted to communicate over very long distances. In the early 20th century |
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66 | "Morse" was almost synonymously used for the telegraph technology. Around 1938 the first |
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67 | traffic telegraphs arised.</p> |
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68 | |
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69 | <div class="center"> |
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70 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/morseschreiber.jpg" alt="Morse writer (1876)" style="float:none;"/> |
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71 | </div> |
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72 | |
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73 | <p>The picture above was printed in the little book "The technical telegraph service" from 1876. As you |
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74 | can see, morse telegraphs were already used at that time. This kind of technology is amazing due |
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75 | to it's overwhelming simplicity. |
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76 | <br/>Clicking on the picture which shows the rack yields the <a |
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77 | href="/en/devices/morese_telegraph.shtm">telegraph station</a>, made by S.A. HASLER (Bern, Switzerland). |
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78 | </p> |
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79 | </div> |
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80 | <div class="clear"> </div> |
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81 | </div> |
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82 | |
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83 | |
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84 | <!--<div class="box left"> |
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85 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/ausschnitt-faxtechnik.jpg" alt="Ausschnitt aus dem Bereich Fax- und Schreibtechnik" width="436" height="327" /> |
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86 | <div class="bildtext" style="padding-top: 127px;">Extract from the area fax and writing engineering.</div> |
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87 | <div class="clear"> </div> |
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88 | </div> |
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89 | |
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90 | <div class="box left" id="telegraf-zu"> |
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91 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telegrafenstation-halboffen.jpg" alt="Telegrafenstation halboffen" class="nomargin-bottom" width="341" height="201" onclick="switchTelegrafenstation();" /> |
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92 | <div class="bildtext"> |
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93 | What is inside this inconspicuous wooden box? Klick it to open it. |
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94 | - old text. This is the <a href="/en">box from the homepage</a>, now partly openend. Click on the old box and be astonished.-</div> |
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95 | <div class="clear"> </div> |
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96 | </div> |
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97 | |
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98 | <div class="box center" id="telegraf-offen"> |
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99 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telegrafenstation-offen.jpg" alt="Telegrafenstation offen"width="680" height="516" /> |
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100 | <div class="bildtext"> |
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101 | <h3>TELEGRAPH STATION, made by S.-A. HASLER, Bern (Switzerland)</h3> |
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102 | -<p>More details will follow soon.</p>- |
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103 | </div> |
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104 | </div>--> |
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105 | |
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106 | <div class="box center"> |
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107 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/morsetelegraph-um1900.jpg" width="439" height="249" alt="Morsetelegraph um 1900" /> |
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108 | <p class="bildtext-bildbreite" style="width:439px;">This telegraph station was built in the time about 1900. More than 100 years ago, no one cared about time |
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109 | thus communication was quite unhurried.</p> |
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110 | </div> |
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111 | |
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112 | <div class="box center"> |
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113 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/morseempfaenger.jpg" width="439" height="254" alt="Morse reciever" /> |
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114 | <p class="bildtext-bildbreite" style="width:439px;">This picture shows the edgewise view from the morse reciever. The apparature is connected to a paper tape morse transmitter from the 60s.</p> |
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115 | </div> |
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116 | |
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117 | <p>It is quite incredible: Fax machines were already mass-produced in 1929. However, it |
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118 | was difficult to run these machines. The first pracitcal fax machines are a german invention: The "Normalpapierfax" (a fax machine that |
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119 | used usual paper) from Siemens-Hell, year of manufacture 1956, with tube technology, is still completely runable. |
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120 | An unhurried and transparent fax transmission (DIN A5) takes about 4 minutes. Theoretically you |
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121 | could send a colored fax with that machine!</p> |
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122 | |
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123 | <div class="box center"> |
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124 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/fultograph.jpg" width="487" height="338" alt="Fultograph" /> |
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125 | <p class="bildtext">The <b>Fultograph</b> is an <b>"image reciever"</b>, invented by the |
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126 | Englishman Otho Fulton in 1929. |
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127 | This devices made it possible to transmit weather chartes by funk for the first time. |
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128 | <br />The rotating roll, which had been coated with chemically preperated paper, was spirally |
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129 | scanned by an attached "pen" (tabluator). In this way an electric current could flow |
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130 | from the pen over the paper to the roll in the rythm of the picture informations. That way, the |
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131 | image developed by electrolysis.</p> |
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132 | </div> |
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133 | |
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134 | <div class="box center"> |
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135 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/siemens_kf106.jpg" width="513" height="416" alt="SIEMENS fax machine KF 106" /> |
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136 | <p class="bildtext-bildbreite" style="width:513px;"> |
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137 | The <b>Siemens (HELL) fax machine KF 106</b> is very rare. This "remote copy machine" was produced in |
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138 | 1954/55. The ink-based write approach was already matured. Sad to say, the service-friendliness was quite |
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139 | bad. The bulky device (27 kilogram) scans only a DIN A5 sheet. Already 1956 the successor KF 108 |
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140 | came on the market, with great improvements. |
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141 | </p> |
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142 | </div> |
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143 | |
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144 | <div class="box center"> |
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145 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/siemens_kf108-gross.jpg" width="520" height="363" alt="SIEMENS fax machine KF 108" /> |
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146 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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147 | The illustration shows the <b>SIEMENS fax machine KF 108</b> (year of manufacture 1956). |
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148 | <br/>It works in a similar way like the Fultograph. Instead of the electrochemical recording, |
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149 | ink is put on the usual paper by the help of complex mechanics. |
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150 | |
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151 | <br/>It works similar to the fultograph. Instead of a electochemical notation, ink is brought by a small rotating sapphire reel onto normal paper. |
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152 | <br/>A KF 108 will even be able to send and recive faxes when the modern fax devices are trashed. Of course, it is not compatible to today's devices. Siemens produced the device in a typical german manner: Everything is huge and indestructible. In these days you did not throw everything away. |
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153 | </p> |
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154 | </div> |
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155 | |
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156 | <p>The next fax (year of manufacture 1963, also used for weather cards) weights 90 kg and has even electonic tubes. In the 1960s, weather offices were able to recive the latest weather cards (with pages bigger than DIN A3) with these machines.</p> |
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157 | |
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158 | <div class="box center"> |
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159 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/hellfax_bs110-geschlossen.jpg" alt="The Hellfax-Blatschreiber BS 100, with closed lid" onClick="switchGeraet('hellfax');" id="hellfax-zu" /> |
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160 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/hellfax_bs110-geoeffnet.jpg" alt="The Hellfax-Blattschreiber BS 110 with opened lid" id="hellfax-offen" /> |
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161 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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162 | The <b>Hellfax-Blattschreiber BS 100</b> shows how exhausting it was to send DIN A2 fax drawings in the 1960s. This device was used to recive weather cards with radio communication. You can also see an <a class="go" name="backlink-hellfax" href="/en/devices/hellfax-functionality.shtm">Hellfax functional diagram</a>. Click on the picture to open the front lid. |
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163 | </p> |
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164 | </div> |
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165 | |
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166 | <!-- |
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167 | next Paragraph/box: In Deutsch "ohne Worte". Heribert schreibt |
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168 | Text fuer englische Version in Mail am |
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169 | 26. Juli 2008: |
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170 | |
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171 | Links: Hellschreiber GL 72 (ca. Bj. 1952). Jede Taste erzeugt eine |
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172 | bestimmte Tonsequenz. Mit diesen Geräten konnte man daher im |
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173 | Gegensatz zu den Fernschreibern im Telefonnetz kommunizieren. |
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174 | |
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175 | Rechts: Diktiergerät mit Magnetplatten (Bj. 1952), welches auch die |
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176 | Informationen des Hellschreibers aufzeichnen konnte. Damit wurde es |
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177 | schließlich möglich Text auf einer Magnetplatte abzuspeichern und |
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178 | beliebig oft durch den Hellschreiber "ausdrucken" zu lassen. |
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179 | |
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180 | Auf Basis dieses Textes nun meine englische Übersetzung: |
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181 | --> |
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182 | <div class="box center"> |
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183 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/hellschreiber.jpg" width="629" height="245" alt="Hellschreiber GL 72" /> |
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184 | <p class="bildtext-bildbreite" style="width:629px;"> |
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185 | The <b>Hellschreiber GL 72</b>, year of manufacture 1952 |
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186 | (in the picture on the left). This device assignes an unique |
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187 | sequence of frequencies to each key. Thus the device could make use of the |
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188 | telephone network, like the later modems did to build up the |
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189 | internet. This feature distinguishes it from the ordinary |
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190 | teletypes. |
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191 | </p> |
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192 | </div> |
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193 | |
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194 | <!-- paragraph between Hellschreiber and teletype: |
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195 | translated 27. July 2008 from de --> |
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196 | <p>Nevertheless the clatting teletypes coined high speed |
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197 | telecommunication for decades. The first teletype was presented |
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198 | in 1930 by Siemens & Halske – only three years later, |
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199 | the German Post used them for communication all over Germany. |
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200 | The first official connection in Germany was build between the capital, Berlin, |
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201 | and the Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Unlike the |
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202 | Hellschreiber, the teletype did not use the already existing |
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203 | telephone network, so they had to build up a seperate telex |
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204 | network. |
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205 | <br/> |
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206 | At first there were only 21 subscribers in 1933, but only six |
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207 | years later, they counted 1500 subscribers in 1939. In 1975 |
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208 | there were actually more than 90,000 subscribers. In these |
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209 | days, the mechanically working teletypes were replaced by |
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210 | electronically driven devices (Telex). Even nowadays, in |
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211 | times of the internet, a few developing countries use this |
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212 | disaster safe kind of communication.</p> |
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213 | |
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214 | <div class="box center"> |
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215 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/fernschreiber.jpg" width="520" height="536" alt="Teletypewriter" /> |
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216 | <p class="bildtext-bildbreite" style="width:520px;"> |
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217 | Teletype from Siemens, year of manufacture 1952. Below in the picture, you can see a paper tape sender. |
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218 | While typing the text, it was fed into the paper tape and could be send afterwards quite fast. Basically |
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219 | this is comparable to an SMS or e-mail which is buffered in the device until it is sent in one go. |
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220 | Of course this apperature is still fully executable. |
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221 | </p> |
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222 | </div> |
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223 | |
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224 | <!-- This paragraph was replaced on 27. july 08 in favour of... --> |
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225 | <!-- |
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226 | <p>Long time before, telegraph offices (about 1900), the early teleprinters (1938) and Hellschreiber (1952) were used. A demonstration shows something unbelievable: The Hellschreiber writes a dictate from a dictating machine from the early fifties without mistakes!?<br/> |
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227 | <br/>The electomechanical "text processing systems" (1962-64) show you how texts could be duplicated and written automatically with punched tapes and punch cards as storages. Only big companies could afford the complex technology which was typically german. See the <a class="go" href="/en/devices/olympia-flexowriter.shtm" title="Olympia Schreibautomat" name="backlink-olympia">Olympia flexowriter</a>.</p> |
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228 | --> |
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229 | <!-- ...this paragraph: --> |
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230 | <div class="box center"> |
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231 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/olympia-schreibautomat.jpg" width="629" height="242" alt="Olympia Flexowriter" /> |
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232 | <div class="bildtext-bildbreite" style="width:629px;"> |
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233 | <p>As a kind of spin-off products of the teletype |
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234 | development, the electromechanical "wordprocessing systems" |
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235 | (1962 – 1964) were invented. They were capable |
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236 | of duplicating and writing texts automatically, using |
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237 | paper tapes and punch cards as storage media. |
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238 | <br/>The technology of these devices was quite complex |
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239 | – at that time only big companies could afford these |
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240 | typically German devices. |
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241 | <br/>The picture above shows the <b>Olympia flexowriter</b> |
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242 | with two paaper tape readers and one paper tape puncher, |
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243 | year of manufacture 1962.</p> |
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244 | </div> |
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245 | </div><!-- end of image box --> |
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246 | |
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247 | </div><!-- end of content --> |
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248 | <!--#include virtual="/en/inc/menu.inc.shtm" --> |
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249 | </body> |
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250 | </html> |
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