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4<head><!--#set var="title"        value="Programmable third-generation calculators with early IC-technology"
5   --><!--#set var="location"     value="ic-technik"
6   --><!--#set var="part"         value="computer"
7   --><!--#set var="url_de"       value="rechnertechnik/ic-technik.shtm"
8   --><!--#set var="prev"         value="programmable.shtm"
9   --><!--#set var="prev_title"   value="Programable second-generation calculators"
10   --><!--#set var="next"         value="punchcard.shtm"
11   --><!--#set var="next_title"   value="Punch card computing"
12 --><title>Technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" --></title>
13
14    <!--#include virtual="/en/inc/head.inc.shtm" -->
15    <meta name="keywords" lang="en" content="technikum29, third-generation calculators, HP, HP 9100, HP 9830, Wang 700, BASIC" />
16        <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id: ic-technology.shtm 168 2010-07-31 15:27:47Z sven $" />
17</head>
18<body>
19<!--#echo encoding="none" var="heading" -->
20<div id="content">
21    <h2><!--#echo var="title" --></h2>
22
23      <p>The development of IC-technology 1967/68 came along with the development of
24      high-perfomance calculators. We have also arrayed the world's most expensive desk calculator:
25      WANG 700. This device outshined everything other on the market (costed with very extensive
26      periphery much more than 70.000,-&nbsp;DM or 35.000,-&nbsp;Euro).
27      Furthermore the first alphanumerically displaying calculator (HP 9820, 1971) and the
28      world's first BASIC-programmable desk calculator (HP 9830, 1972) are installed.
29      With these systems you can marvellously plot function graphes together with its label.
30      Three years before something like this was unimaginable!
31      1971 the first scientifically programmable "pocket calculators" with the size of
32      a matchbox came on the market, too.
33      See also: <a class="go" href="/en/details1.shtm" title="Details 1">Tabular list of desk calculators</a></p>
34
35      <!-- altes Photo, alter TExt: <div class="box center">
36          <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/wang700.jpg" alt="WANG 700" />
37          <p class="bildtext">In this photo you see the extract from the <b>WANG 700</b> installation.
38          The core is a calculator with two-line nixie-tube display, 2&nbsp;kB core memory and
39          integrated cassette tape for program recording. Right in the front is the
40          Mark Sense card reader, the manual card reader behind.
41          The programming, a numerical assembly language, was very fiddly.
42          The plotter program contains 794 (!) commands. An HP-Calculator (eg. 9830) could execute
43          a much more comfortable plotter program (HP-Basic) with only 36 commands two years later.</p>
44      </div> Und nun die B.Ulmann-Übersetzung: -->
45     
46          <h3>WANG 700</h3>
47      <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
48          <a href="/en/devices/wang700.shtm" name="backlink-wang700" title="Detailed Photo of WANG 700"><img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/wang700-anlage.jpg" alt="WANG 700" width="600" height="438" /></a>
49          <p class="bildtext">Unique system <b>WANG 700</b></p>
50          </div>
51         
52      <p>The picture shows a unique system with a <b>WANG 700</b> at its heart. It is a one-of-a-kind machine and was built specifically for the department of mathematical didactics of a German university. Students of pure mathematics were forced to compete for the scarce CPU time on the university's mainframe while students of mathematical didactics had exclusive access to the system shown which eventually led to some arguments between both faculties.</p>
53      <p>On the left the calculator itself can be seen &ndash; it features a two line display made from so called NIXIE-tubes, has 2 kB core memory and a built in cassette drive for mass storage. For years this machine was the fastest desktop calculator in the world.</p>
54      <p>In the middle the optical reader can be seen (which, in fact, obscures the manual punch card reader which can not be seen in this picture). On the right is a modified IBM selectric typewriter which can not only be used to print out text, but to create plots of functions as well. Below the calculator an alphanumeric keyboard can be found; on the bottom an additional dual cassette tape drive is located. Programming of this machine was quite cumbersome - a simple plotterprogram took 794 program steps to perform a task which could be done on a later HP desktop calculator like the HP 9830 in only 36 steps using HP-BASIC as its programming language.</p>
55      <a class="go" href="/en/devices/wang700.shtm">See a larger and more detailed version of the photography</a>
56
57         
58        <h3>Diehl Combitronic</h3>
59       
60    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
61        <a href="/en/devices/diehl-combitronic.shtm" name="backlink-diehl-combitronic" title="Diehl Combitronic details"><img
62              src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/diehl-combitronic.jpg" alt="The Diehl Combitronic computer" width="526" height="420"/></a>
63                <p class="bildtext"><b>Diehl Combitronic</b> with paper tape reader and puncher</p>
64        </div>
65       
66        <p>
67        In 1970-72, DIEHL selled the Combitronic, featured with germanium transistors from the early 1960s
68        (used for the printer interface), (still) a paper tape used for booting, a slow delay line memory and ceramic
69        ICs (modern LSI technology). This device is a prime example for the enormous speed of development of new
70        technology. The transistor logic was implemented by simply taking four LSI ICs together. Therefore the
71        computer is logically (almost) identical to the almost obsolte Combitron, but the case is much smaller and the whole
72        computer shrank up to two small boards (see <a class="go" href="/en/devices/diehl-combitronic.shtm">detailed pictures from the
73        Diehl Combitronic</a>). In the picture above you see the compatible paper tape puncher ELS 850 and the reader
74        "Dilector" on the left.
75    </p>
76       
77        <h3>Hewlett Packard HP 9810, 9820, 9830</h3>
78    <p>While DIEHL still emphazised the mechanics, HP tried to hide it as much as possible. For scientifical calculations
79       the Diehl computers from the series shown above were too slowly, compared to HP or WANG, whereas the Diehl devices
80       were much cheaper than the others. On the other hand, for normal calculations in engineering offices the
81       perfomance of the Diehl devices was quite sufficient.
82    <br/>For large scientifical calculations or even more complex jobs you
83       had to buy Wang or HP devices.</p>
84
85      <div class="box left clear-after">
86          <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/hp-rechner.jpg" alt="HP desk calculators (panorama)" width="335" height="1045" class="nomargin-bottom" />
87          <div class="bildtext" style="margin-left: 335px; padding-left: 2em;">
88            <p class="left">The history of development from the HP-desk calculators in one rack:</p>
89            <ul>
90              <li>In the center there is the HP 9100 (see
91                  <a href="/en/computer/programmable.shtm">Programmable
92                  second-generation calculators</a> for description)</li>
93              <li>Above the successor model HP 9810 (same logic like the HP 9100
94                  but uses TTL-ICs), uses the very first LED displays that are
95                  still very small and have only three rows.</li>
96              <li>At the bottom the next model, HP 9820 (year of manufacture 1971)
97                  with alphanumerical 7x5 pixel LED display.
98              </li>
99              <li>At the top the best known computer from HP: HP 9830, year of manufacture 1972
100                  with paper tape reader, puncher and plotter. This is the world's first desk
101                  calculator that can be programmed with BASIC.</li>
102            </ul>
103          </div>
104      </div>
105
106</div><!-- end of content -->
107<!--#include virtual="/en/inc/menu.inc.shtm" -->
108</body>
109</html>
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