source: t29-www/en/computer/punchcard.php @ 1080

Last change on this file since 1080 was 777, checked in by heribert, 9 years ago

IBM129 übersetzt und in deutsch verbessert

  • Property svn:keywords set to Id
File size: 12.1 KB
Line 
1<?php
2        $seiten_id = 'lochkarten';
3        $version = '$Id: punchcard.php 777 2015-05-03 16:11:18Z sven $';
4        $title = 'Punch card computing';
5       
6        require "../../lib/technikum29.php";
7?>
8    <h2>Punch-card equipment and Peripherals</h2>
9
10    <p>Punch cards are used since the beginnings of the 20th century
11       as storage media. They are handy, can be labeled automatically or by
12       hand, and can be sorted quickly. Therefore they were used until
13       the late 1980s. Indeed they were mainly used in the 1960s, when
14       EDP conquered the world. Today's folk is astonished at the size,
15       the clearness and functionality of these machines. At technikum29
16       most of these archaic devices still work.</p>
17
18        <h3>Card puncher devices</h3>
19    <div class="box left clear-after">
20        <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/lochkartenstanzer.jpg"
21                 alt="Various card punchers" width="330" height="368"
22                 class="nomargin-bottom" />
23        <div class="bildtext">
24           <p>For punching cards only occasionally, the small bottom device
25               was quite sufficient, e.g. for small companies. The device in
26               the middle of the picture is a puncher from BULL and the topmost
27               device is a so-called "magnetic puncher" that is equipped with
28               solenoids that punch the holes. For even higher amounts of
29               punching requirements, there were quite more expensive
30               "motor-driven punchers".
31            </p>
32    </div>
33    </div>
34
35    <p>A typical machinery consists of a card puncher which punches the
36       information and data on the cards, a card collator which sorts
37       the cards from different stacks (for instance <i>adresses</i>
38       and <i>bills</i>), a sorter which sorts with specified loads
39       and possibly a punch card interpreter that writes the punched
40       information on a prescribed position on the punch card.</p>
41
42          <div class="box left clear-after">
43        <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/ibm26.jpg" alt="IBM 026 Card-Punch" width="450" height="431" />
44        <p class="bildtext" id="026"><b id="026">IMB 026 Printing-Card-Punch</b></p>
45        Beginning in 1949 IBM built two versions of this card punch: The IBM 024
46which could just punch cards and the IBM 026 which could additionally print
47the data being punched on the top of the card in human-readable form, so the
48IBM 026 was actually a printing card punch. The printer is of ingenious
49design: A very compact wire printer only a couple of cubic inches in size,
50which is driven by the punch mechanism.<br>
51This is a typical example for the art of engineering that was common at IBM
52at that time: Developing simple, yet powerful solutions. Due to this
53approach, IBM filed (and still does) a vast amount of patent applications.
54The control system of the card punch only contains 10 relays featuring a lot
55of contact sets and 9 vacuum tubes.<br>
56This card punch was so successful that it was built unmodified for 20 years
57and was sold world wide - an exceptional record in an area like electronic
58data processing.</p>
59           
60           
61           
62           
63           
64    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
65        <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/ibm_029-juki.jpg" alt="IBM 029 und Juki" width="580" height="340" />
66        <p class="bildtext"><b>IBM 029 and JUKI card puncher.</b></p>
67        </div>
68       
69        <p> On the left hand in the picture there is the legendary
70            IBM 029 (build since 1964), on the right hand the JUKI puncher
71            (made in Japan). The JUKI puncher is not accidentally looking
72            like the IBM: The type 129 card punch was introduced by IBM in 1971. It is capable of storing
73the contents of a whole card prior to punching it, thus making corrections
74possible. Therefore IBM selled the license of the 029 to reproduce the machine. In
75            1971, the IBM 029 costed about 15.500 DM.
76        </p>
77       
78          <div class="box center auto-bildbreite" id="129">
79        <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/ibm129.jpg" alt="IBM 129" width="580" height="375" />
80        <p class="bildtext"><b>IBM 129 Card Data Recorder.</b></p></div>
81               
82                <p>
83                IBM's answer to the electronic card punch UNIVAC 1710 was its most
84sophisticated and last member of its venerable family of card punched, the
85model 129. Every usable modern technology was incorporated in this device: Data
86and punch programs were stored in a FET-based memory, early seven-segment LED
87displays were used to diplay the current column, the card transport employed a
88stepper motor. A very complex SLT-based control logic implements a wide
89variety of features: Verification of punched cards, printing the data stored on
90a card on its edge, storing up to six customized card formats etc.<br>
91
92The IBM 129 is a rather rare find since the market for card punches was already
93saturated in the early 1970s. In addition to this the decline of punch card
94equipment was already forseeable.<br>
95
96Our machine has a serial line interface as an add-on which we are currently
97repairing.
98</p>
99               
100               
101        <div class="box center auto-bildbreite" id="u1710">
102        <a name="univac1710"><img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/univac1710.jpg" alt="UNIVAC 1710 Verifying Interpreting Punch" width="580" height="435" /></a>
103        <p class="bildtext"><b>UNIVAC 1710 Verifying Interpreting Punch</b> (VIP)</p>
104        </div>
105       
106        <p>
107           The Univac 1710 VIP was released at
108           the same time like the <a href="univac9400.php">UNIVAC 9400 mainframe</a>
109           in the year 1969. This device is very fast and versatile and works mostly
110           electronically. Most likely, Univac wanted to trump IBM with this
111           trendsetting device. The device's internals are very elaborate, but offer
112           many advantages, compared to usual apperatures at that time:
113           <br/>It featured a core memory with 16 x 80 x 2 cells for both data and programs. It could
114           handle two programs and one data storage. Programming
115           was performed automatically once program cards have been inserted, and
116           programs could be changed at the touch of a key. The device furthermore
117           featured program-controlled printing during punching.
118           Keypunching errors were electronically corrected, since cards were punched
119           only after all entries were in storage. Verifying and correction comprised
120           a one-pass operation. Verified cards were uniquely notched while error
121           cards were automatically ejected to a separate stacker.
122           <br/>The device also features a large illuminated digital display that
123           indicates which program is in control, furthermore the device could be
124           used for subsequent card labeling. However, the device had always
125           mechanical problems: The type wheel print was of bad quality and the
126           card feeding could easily stop working when the adjustment wasn't
127           perfectly fitting.
128    </p>
129
130        <h3 id="reproducing">Reproducing Punch</h3>
131       
132         <div class="box left clear-after">
133        <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/ibm-514.jpg" alt="IBM 514" width="450" height="391" />
134        <p class="bildtext">
135            <b>IBM 514</b></p>
136                       
137                        <p>New in December 2013: Huge and incredibly heavy - an IBM card doubler from the
1381950s. This grand machine's purpose was just to copy punched cards or to
139'double' them. Due to the stress of handling, punched cards had to be copied
140regularly.
141<br>Of course, there are some additional functions implemented, although
142there is no function to print plaintext on the card, which would have been a
143nice feature, but this is where the IBM 548 translator comes into play.
144A more detailed description will follow soon.</p>
145                        </div>
146       
147        <h3>Sorters</h3>
148
149         <div class="box center manuelle-bildbreite" style="width: 580px;">
150        <a name="backlink-sortierer" href="/de/geraete/lochkartensortierer-funktion.php"><img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/ibm-082-sorter.jpg" alt="IBM 082 Sortiermaschine" width="361" height="287" /><img style="margin-left: 2px;" src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/ibm-082-sorter.offen.jpg" alt="IBM 082 Sortiermaschine Offen" width="215" height="287" /></a>
151
152        <p class="center">
153            <b>IBM 082 punch card sorter</b>, Built since 1949
154            <br/><a class="go" href="/en/devices/punchcard-sorter.php">The function of the punch card sorter</a>
155         </p>
156    </div>
157
158    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
159        <a href="/en/devices/punchcard-sorter.php"><img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/ibm083.jpg" alt="IBM 083 punch card sorter" width="602" height="630" /></a>
160        <p class="bildtext">
161            <b>IBM 083 sorter</b>
162            <br/>Compared to the IBM 082 the sorting mechanics were greatly improved. The machine can sort 1000 cards
163            per minute. Much more than 16 cards per second are not possible, due to the mechanic's inertia. This
164            type was built since 1958.
165            <br/><a class="go" href="/en/devices/punchcard-sorter.php">The function of the punch card sorter</a>
166        </p>
167    </div>
168       
169       
170        <h3>Collators</h3>
171
172    <div class="box left clear-after">
173        <a href="/en/devices/punchcard-collator.php" name="backlink-ibm077"><img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/ibm77.jpg" alt="IBM 077" width="450" height="526" /></a>
174        <p class="bildtext"><b>IBM punch card collator 077</b></p>
175                <p>
176            The picture above shows the back of a collator, year of manufacture 1959.
177                The collector reads 480 cards per minute. It is capable of changing the
178                order of the cards, looking for copies (and seperating them out) or
179                comparing two stacks and finding out the differences. Compared to
180                today's database storages this card collator is a kind of mechanical
181                database query language interpreter.
182        <!--<br/>The programs are plugged together on a patch panel. Thus they can easily be changed. -->
183        <br />The electronics comprises of relays and camshafts which control
184             switches. Early engineers had to use oilcans for the bearing's
185             maintenance as often as a checking device.
186             <br />The programs could be changed by replacing the programing field.
187             <br/><a class="go" href="/en/devices/punchcard-collator.php">The function of the punch card collator</a>
188                </p>
189        </div>
190
191    <div class="box left clear-after">
192         <a href="/en/devices/punchcard-collator.php"><img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/bull-mischer.jpg" alt="Bull punch card collator 56.00" width="450" height="536" /></a>
193         <p class="bildtext"><b>Bull punch card collator 56.00.</b></p>
194                <p>
195            This very big device features very much chrome and almost 1000 relays,
196                assembled to allow developers to implement varoius mixing algorithms
197                with wired panels. Thus collating and sorting could be performed in only
198                one working cycle. Depending on the task, the device could process about
199                250 - 500 cards per minute.
200                </p>
201        </div>
202       
203        <h3>Alphabetic Interpreter</h3>
204       
205    <div class="box left clear-after">
206         <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/ibm_548.jpg" alt="IBM 548" width="450" height="509" />
207         <p class="bildtext"><b>IBM 548</b></p>
208                <p>
209                        A huge punch card interpreter made by IBM. This machine can label 60 cards
210                        per minute in 60 cols and two rows, according to the settings which you can set.
211                </p>
212        </div>
213
214        <h3>ANELEX high speed printer</h3>
215     <div class="box left clear-after">
216        <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/anelex-drucker.jpg"
217          alt="ANELEX high speed printer" width="485" height="423" />
218        <div class="bildtext">
219          <p><b>ANELEX high speed printer, series 5</b>,
220             with lifted cover.</p>
221                  <p>Just standing in front of this behemoth is an impressive experience. The
222overall weight of this mechanical wonder amounts to 635 kg and is sturdy
223enough to print a next to uncountable number of pages without any major
224defects. The series 5 printer was developed in the USA in 1963/64 and was
225used by many computer manufacturers (as a matter of fact, even ZUSE used this
226printer for the Z-23 - other examples include the Electrologica X8 from the
227Netherlands etc.). Being able to print 1250 lines per minute it was the
228fastest printer until 1965.<br>
229Our ANELEX printer has been repaired and can now be controlled by a
230microcontroller which in turn can be connected to a Laptop or the like. This
231is a nice example of a symbiosis of old and modern computing technology.
232                  </p>
233        </div>
234     </div>
235       
Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.
© 2008 - 2013 technikum29 • Sven Köppel • Some rights reserved
Powered by Trac
Expect where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 License